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Instruction of Industrial Steam Turbine
工业汽轮起安装说明书Installation Instruction of Industrial Steam Turbine
原创文章：青岛希尼尔翻译公司 http://www.sinosenior.com.cn
2014-11-18
（非涉密内容）
Chapter I
Summary
The series of turbines are single
double array curtis stage double supported back pressure turbine, and can be
utilized to drive various feed pumps, compressors, fans and generators.
The series of turbines include H series and T series
industrial steam turbines, with a broad applicable scope of parameters,
wherein, inlet steam pressure ranges from 0.15 to 1.6MPa; exhaust pressure
ranges from 0.1 to 0.3MPa(absolute pressure); and power ranges from 200kW
and 2,000kW.
An industrial steam turbine of the series essentially
comprises the following parts: turbine proper and chassis. For details,
refer to the List of Supplied Items.
The turbine proper can be either directly connected with the driven machine via coupling, or indirectly connected via a reducer. A speed governing system consists of an electronic speed governor and a mechanical level direct-acting governing valve. The electronic speed governor consists of a HTD industrial steam turbine controller(hereinafter referred to as controller) and an electronic actuator. The controller receives speed load signals, and can realize automatic control of turbine speed and load (for details, refer to the Controller Manul). As the speed governing system adopts a pure electronic speed governor, it has the advantages of large governing range, high precision, strong stability, safety and reliability.
The unit shall be better installed in
a single layer plant. Inlet and exhaust pipelines of H series industrial
steam turbines are arranged on the same side of the turbines, and that of T
series industrial steam turbines may be either installed on the same or
different side of the turbines.
In summary of the above, the unit has
the advantages of safety, reliability, quick startup, compact structure,
convenience, low comprehensive investment, simple maintenance and high
automation.
The Manual is only used to help user
better know performance and characteristics of the unit, and for reference
when the user or the installation unit is compiling a more specific
regulations on installation and operation.
Chapter II Introduction
to Technical Specification and Structure
Section I Technical
Specification
Model of the industrial steam turbine:
B0.2~B2.0 (determined by thermal calculation)
Inlet steam
pressure: 0.5~1.6MPa(determined by thermal calculation)
Inlet steam
temperature: 260~
Inlet steam flow:
2~25t/h(determined by thermal calculation)
Exhaust pressure: 0.1~0.3Mpa(absolute
pressure)(determined by thermal calculation)
Rated
power: 200~2,000kW(determined by thermal calculation)
Speed: 2,000~3,100rpm
Turbine steering: clockwise along the
direction of steam
Machine to be driven: provided by the
user
Lube oil: turbine oil 30#
Section II Thermal System
Steam from extraction pipe of an
industrial steam turbine of the power plant enters main stop valve of the
industrial steam turbine through isolation valve and enters a cylinder. The
steam powered by nozzle block and impulse impeller enters a deaerator or a
heater. Condensed drain from valve assembly and the cylinder are directly
drained to a trench. The front and rear gland leakage of H series industrial
steam turbines is directly emitted to the exhaust pipes of such turbines,
and then enters their respective deaerator or heater. The front and rear
gland leakage of T series industrial steam turbines is emitted to the
exhaust pipes of such turbines through a steam gland extractor, and then
enters their respective deaerator or heater.
Section III Turbine Proper
Made of cast steel, the turbine cylinder is divided into cylinder cover and cylinder base. The cylinder cover is a integrity, and the cylinder base consists of a steam chamber and an exhaust hood. The steam chamber and the exhaust hood is electrically welded into a whole with bolts.
Front and rear bearing housings are, as vertical semicircle flanges, connected with front and rear flanges of the cylinder with bolts and dowels. An elastic support is arranged on the cylinder base of the front bearing housing. These parts are arranged on the chassis to form a turbine stator. The rear bearing housing and the chassis are positioned by dowels to form the dead point for thermal expansion of the turbine stator. The elastic support on the lower part of the front bearing housing can absorb axial displacement of the turbine stator caused by thermal expansion. Rotors are axially positioned on the stator by a thrust bearing to form relative dead points.
Turbine rotors are respectively arranged below the sliding bearings on the front and rear bearing housings. A sliding bearing consists of rotors and impeller blades. Turbine rotors, the nozzle block(arranged within the steam chamber) and a steering guide blade ring consistute the flow path of the turbine. The impellers are positioned on the rotors by hot charging process. One end of a rotor is equipped with a joint shaft, on which an emergency governor and a speed transmitting wheel are arranged.
Radial bearing of the turbine is a
shell bearing adopting unforced lubrication which produces lube oil by an
oil ring. The front bearing is also provided with a thrust bearing (deep
groove ball bearing) to bear axial thrust, and its lube oil is sourced from
return oil of the front radial bearing.
Turbine’s gland system consists of
front gland and rear gland. Gland of H series industrial steam turbines
adopts new carboloy ring mechanical seal structure, while both front and
rear glands of T series industrial steam turbines apply stainless steel
gland strip.
第一章
概述
本系列汽轮机是单一双列复速级双支点背压式汽轮机，可用来拖动各类给水泵、压缩机、风机及发电机。
本系列汽轮机包括H系列和T系列工业汽轮机，其参数适用范围比较广泛，进汽压力在0.15～1.6
MPa之间，排汽压力为0.1～0.3
MPa(绝对压力)，功率从200
kW直至2000 kW。
本系列工业汽轮机由下列主要部套组成：汽轮机本体、底盘、详见供应项目清单。
汽轮机本体与被拖动机械可直接用联轴器相联，也可通过减速箱过渡相联，调速系统由电子调速器与机械杠杆直动调节汽阀组成。电子调速器由HTD工业汽轮机控制器(以下简称控制器)和电子执行器组成。控制器接收转速负荷信号，可实现对汽轮机转速、负荷进行自动控制(详见控制器说明书)。由于本调速系统采用纯电子式调速器，因此调速范围大，精确度高，稳定性强，安全可靠。
机组宜安装在单层布置的厂房中，H系列工业汽轮机进汽及排汽管道在汽轮机同侧，T系列工业汽轮机进汽及排汽管道可在汽轮机同侧或异侧。
综上所述，本机组具有安全可靠、快速启动、结构紧凑、安全方便、综合投资低及维护简便，自动化程度高等一系列优点。
本说明仅用来帮助用户更方便地了解本机组的性能和特点，用于作为用户和安装单位编制更详细的安装和操作规程时参考。
第二章
技术规范及结构介绍
第一节
技术规范
工业汽轮机型号：B0.2～B2.0
（由热力计算给定）
进汽压力：0.5～1.6MPa(
由热力计算给定)
进汽温度：260～
进汽流量：2～25t/h
(由热力计算给定)
排汽压力：0.1～0.3Mpa
(绝对压力)(由热力计算给定)
额定功率：200～2000kW(由热力计算给定)
转速范围：2000～3100转／分
被拖动机械：用户提供
润滑油液：30#透平油
第二节
热力系统
根据工业汽轮机的用途不同，进汽与排汽联接系统方式有相应的变化，现以热电厂用工业汽轮机驱动给水泵或循环水泵为例，简述热力系统如下：
来自电厂汽轮机工业抽汽管的蒸汽，通过隔离阀至工业汽轮机主汽阀并进入汽缸。经喷嘴组、冲动叶轮作功后的蒸汽，进入除氧器或加热器。从汽阀总成、汽缸中来的凝结疏水直接排入地沟。H系列工业汽轮机前、后汽封漏汽直接排到汽轮机排汽管道中进入除氧器或加热器。T系列工业汽轮机前、后汽封漏汽经汽封抽汽器，排到汽轮机排汽管道中进入除氧器或加热器。
第三节 汽轮机本体
汽轮机汽缸由上、下两部分组成，其材料均为铸钢。汽缸上半为一整体，汽缸下半由蒸汽室、排汽缸两部分组成。蒸汽室、排汽缸由螺栓及电焊联接成一整体。
前、后轴承座以垂直的半圆法兰分别与汽缸前后法兰以螺栓及定位销联接，前轴承座下部有弹性支承。这些部件一起安装在底盘上，形成汽轮机静子。后轴承座与底盘定位销定位，形成汽轮机静子热膨胀的死点。前轴承座下部弹性支承能吸收汽轮机静子因膨胀而引起的轴向位移。转子的轴向定位是用推力轴承固定在静子上，形成相对死点。
汽轮机的转子分别安装在位于前轴承座与后轴承座的滑动轴承卜，它由转子及叶轮片组成。汽轮机的转子与喷嘴组(安装在蒸汽室内)、转向导叶环组成汽轮机的通流部分。叶轮用热装工艺固定在转子上，转子一端装有接长轴，接长轴上装有危急遮断器及转速发讯轮。
汽轮机的径向轴承为薄壳轴承，其润滑方式为甩油环采由的非强制润滑方式，前轴承还有一个止推轴承(深沟球轴承)，承担轴向的推力，其润滑油来源于前径向轴承的回油。
汽轮机的汽封系统由前后汽封组成，H系列工业汽轮机汽封采用新型炭精环机械密封结构，T系列工业汽轮机前后汽封均采用不绣钢汽封片结构。
文章内容由青岛希尼尔翻译公司翻译
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